Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt

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Egypt
1069 BC–945 BC
CapitalTanis
Common languagesEgyptian language
Religion
Ancient Egyptian Religion
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
Historical eraIron Age
• Established
1069 BC
• Disestablished
945 BC
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXI, alternatively 21st Dynasty or Dynasty 21) is usually classified as the first Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period, lasting from 1069 BC to 945 BC.

History[edit]

The gold funerary mask of pharaoh Psusennes I

After the reign of Ramesses III, a long, slow decline of royal power in Egypt followed. The pharaohs of the Twenty-first Dynasty ruled from Tanis, but were mostly active only in Lower Egypt, which they controlled. This dynasty is described as 'Tanite' because its political capital was based at Tanis. Meanwhile, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes effectively ruled Middle and Upper Egypt in all but name. The later Egyptian Priest Manetho of Sebennytos states in his Epitome on Egyptian royal history that "the 21st Dynasty of Egypt lasted for 130 years".[1]

Pharaohs of the 21st Dynasty[edit]

Pharaoh Image Throne name / Prenomen Reign Burial Consort(s) Comments
Smendes / Nesbanebdjed I Canopic Smendes Met.jpg Hedjkheperre Setepenre 1077 - 1051 BC unknown Tentamun Only controlled Lower Egypt during his reign. Founder of the 21st Dynasty.
Amenemnisu Bowcap Amenemnesut Psusennes by Khruner.jpg Neferkare Heqawaset 1051 - 1047 BC unknown
Psusennes I / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I Golden Mask of Psusennes I.jpg Akheperre Setepenamun 1047 - 1001 BC NRT III, Tanis Mutnedjemet
Wiay
Precise length of reign unknown. Either 41 or 46 years.
Amenemope Usermaatre Setepenamun 1001 - 992 BC Tanis
Osorkon the Elder Seal Aakheperre Osorkon Petrie.jpg Akheperre Setepenre 992 - 986 BC unknown
Siamun Siamun’s royal cartouche on a lintel.jpg Netjerkheperre Setepenamun 986 - 967 BC unknown
Psusennes II / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II Statue CG42192 legrain.jpg Titkheperure Setepenre 967 - 943 BC unknown

Timeline of the 21st Dynasty[edit]

Psusennes IISiamunOsorkon the ElderAmenemopePsusennes IAmenemnisuSmendes

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ Kenneth A. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC), 3rd edition, 1986, Warminster: Aris & Phillips Ltd, p.531

Further reading[edit]

  • Jaroslav Černý, Studies in the Chronology of the Twenty-First Dynasty, JEA 32 (1946), 24-30

See also[edit]

External links[edit]