夭

See also: 夫, 禾, 耒, 末, 天, and 未

夭 U+592D, 夭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-592D ← 夬 [U+592C] CJK Unified Ideographs 央 → [U+592E]

Translingual

Han character

夭 (radical 37, 大+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹大 (HK), four-corner 2043₀, composition ⿱丿大)

Derived characters

• 沃 妖 殀 忝 笑 喬 (乔) 飫 (饫) 跃

References

• KangXi: page 249, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5838
• Dae Jaweon: page 507, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 523, character 2
• Unihan data for U+592D

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		夭

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 夭
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (夭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
笑	*sqʰows
夭	*qoːwʔ, *qrow, *qrowʔ
镺	*qoːwʔ, *qoːws
芺	*qoːwʔ, *qrowʔ
妖	*qrow
祅	*qrow
枖	*qrow
訞	*qrow
殀	*qrowʔ
仸	*qrowʔ
妋	*pa, *qu
飫	*qos
沃	*qoːwɢ
鋈	*qoːwɢ

Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yāo (yao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu¹, jiu²
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): iau / iáu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ieu¹ / iao¹ / iou¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ
    • Wade–Giles: yao1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iau
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jiu¹, jiu²
    • Yale: yīu, yíu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jiu¹, jiu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yiu¹, yiu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːu̯⁵⁵/, /jiːu̯³⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iau
    • Tâi-lô: iau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iaw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iaʊ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iaʊ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáu
    • Tâi-lô: iáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iao
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iaʊ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iaʊ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iaʊ⁴¹/

Note:

• iau - literary;
• iáu - vernacular (俗).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ieu¹ / iao¹ / iou¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iṳu / iau / iou
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɯu³³/, /iau³³/, /iou³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔˠiᴇu^X/

Rime
Character	夭
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	於兆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiᴇuX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiɛuX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiæuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiawX/
Li Rong	/ʔjɛuX/
Wang Li	/ĭɛuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎo

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qrowʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	夭
Reading #	3/3
No.	14631
Phonetic component	夭
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	夭
Old Chinese	/*qrowʔ/

Definitions

夭

1. to die young, to die prematurely
2. to be aggrieved
3. to devastate
4. disaster

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yāo (yao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu¹, jiu²
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): iau / iáu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ieu¹ / iao¹ / iou¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ
    • Wade–Giles: yao1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iau
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jiu¹, jiu²
    • Yale: yīu, yíu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jiu¹, jiu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yiu¹, yiu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːu̯⁵⁵/, /jiːu̯³⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iau
    • Tâi-lô: iau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iaw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iaʊ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iaʊ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáu
    • Tâi-lô: iáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iao
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iaʊ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iaʊ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iaʊ⁴¹/

Note:

• iau - literary;
• iáu - vernacular (俗).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ieu¹ / iao¹ / iou¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iṳu / iau / iou
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɯu³³/, /iau³³/, /iou³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔˠiᴇu/

Rime
Character	夭
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	於喬切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiᴇu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiɛu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiæu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiaw/
Li Rong	/ʔjɛu/
Wang Li	/ĭɛu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yāo

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ](r)aw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qrow/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	夭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yāo
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjew ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ](r)aw/
English	delicate, slender
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	夭
Reading #	2/3
No.	14626
Phonetic component	夭
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	妖
Old Chinese	/*qrow/

Definitions

夭

1. young, fresh-looking
2. tender, gentle
3. lush
4. Alternative form of 妖 (yāo).

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ǎo (ao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄠˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: ǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄠˇ
    • Wade–Giles: ao3
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ao
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ǎo
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔɑu^X/

Rime
Character	夭
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏晧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑuX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑuX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔawX/
Li Rong	/ʔɑuX/
Wang Li	/ɑuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ǎo

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qoːwʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	夭
Reading #	1/3
No.	14622
Phonetic component	夭
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	襖
Old Chinese	/*qoːwʔ/

Definitions

夭

1. young animal or plant

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wò (wo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄛˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: wò
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄛˋ
    • Wade–Giles: wo4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wò
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔ⁵¹/

Definitions

夭

1. name of an ancient place

Pronunciation 5

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wāi (wai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄞ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: wāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄞ
    • Wade–Giles: wai1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uai
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waɪ̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

夭

1. Only used in 夭斜.

Compounds

• 分外夭夭
• 壽夭／寿夭
• 夭亡
• 夭厲／夭厉 (yāolì)
• 夭壽／夭寿 (yāoshòu)
• 夭夭
• 夭娜
• 夭折 (yāozhé)
• 夭昏
• 夭札

• 夭枉
• 夭桃穠李／夭桃秾李
• 夭桃襛李
• 夭殂
• 夭殞／夭殒
• 夭殤／夭殇
• 夭疽
• 夭矯／夭矫
• 夭矯離奇／夭矫离奇
• 夭紅／夭红

• 夭逝 (yāoshì)
• 夭遏
• 夭邪
• 夭閼／夭阏
• 早夭 (zǎoyāo)
• 桃之夭夭
• 桃夭 (táoyāo)
• 橫夭／横夭
• 逃之夭夭 (táozhīyāoyāo)
• 麛夭

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Japanese

Kanji

夭

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): よう (yō), おう (ō), か (ka)
• Kun: わかい (wakai), わざわい (wazawai), わかじに (wakajini)

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Korean

Hanja

夭 • (yo, o) (hangeul 요, 오, revised yo, o, McCune–Reischauer yo, o, Yale yo, o)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

夭 (yểu, eo, ỉu, yếu, èo, yêu)

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