List of Seleucid rulers

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Seleucus I Nicator
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History of Greater Iran

The Seleucid dynasty or the Seleucidae (from Greek: Σελευκίδαι, Seleukídai) was a Greek Macedonian royal family, founded by Seleucus I Nicator ("the Victor"), which ruled the Seleucid Empire centered in the Near East and regions of the Asian part of the earlier Achaemenid Persian Empire during the Hellenistic period.

Background[edit]

Seleucus (ca. 358 – 281 BC) served as an officer of Alexander the Great, commanding the élite infantry corps in the Macedonian army: the "Shield-bearers" (Hypaspistai), later known as the "Silvershields" (Ἀργυράσπιδες / Argyraspides). After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, the Partition of Triparadisus assigned Seleucus as satrap of Babylon in 321 BC. Antigonus, the satrap of much of Asia Minor, forced Seleucus to flee from Babylon, but, supported by Ptolemy, the Satrap of Egypt, Seleucus returned in 312 BC. Seleucus' later conquests included Persia and Media. He formed an alliance with the Indian King Chandragupta Maurya (reigned 324-297 BC). Seleucus defeated Antigonus in the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC and Lysimachus (King of Thrace, Macedon and Asia Minor) in the battle of Corupedium (near Sardis) in 281 BC. Ptolemy Ceraunus assassinated Seleucus later in the same year. Seleucus' eldest son Antiochus I succeeded him as ruler of the Seleucid territories.

Seleucid rulers[edit]

Seleucid Rulers
Portrait King Reign (BC) Consort(s) Comments
Seleuco I Nicatore.JPG Seleucus I Nicator Satrap 320–315, 312–305 BC
King 305–281 BC
Apama
Antiochos I face.jpg Antiochus I Soter co-ruler from 291, ruled 281–261 BC Stratonice of Syria Co-ruler with his father for 10 years
AntiochusIIMET.jpg Antiochus II Theos 261–246 BC Laodice I
Berenice
Berenice was a daughter of Ptolemy II of Egypt. Laodice I had her and her son murdered.
Seleucus II Callinicus.jpg Seleucus II Callinicus 246–225 BC Laodice II
SeleucusIII coin, one side.jpg Seleucus III Ceraunus (or Soter) 225–223 BC Seleucus III was assassinated by members of his army.
AntiochosIII.JPG Antiochus III the Great 223–187 BC Laodice III
Euboea of Chalcis
Antiochus III was a brother of Seleucus III
SeleucusIV - coin - face.JPG Seleucus IV Philopator 187–175 BC Laodice IV This was a brother-sister marriage.
Antiochos IV Epiphanes face.png Antiochus IV Epiphanes 175–163 BC Laodice IV This was a brother-sister marriage.
Antiochus V Eupator, coin, front side.jpg Antiochus V Eupator 163–161 BC
Demetrius I.png Demetrius I Soter 161–150 BC Apama ?
Laodice V?
Son of Seleucus IV Philopator and Laodice IV
Alexander I Syria-Antiochia face.jpg Alexander I Balas 150–145 BC Cleopatra Thea Son of Antiochus IV and Laodice IV
DemetriusII, coin, face.jpg Demetrius II Nicator first reign, 145–138 BC Cleopatra Thea Son of Demetrius I
AntiochusVI, coin, face.jpg Antiochus VI Dionysus (or Epiphanes) 145–140 BC? Son of Alexander Balas and Cleopatra Thea
Tryphon coin.jpg Diodotus Tryphon 140–138 BC General who was a regent for Antiochus VI Dionysus. Took the throne after murdering his charge.
Antiochus VII coin (Mary Harrsch).jpg Antiochus VII Sidetes (or Euergetes) 138–129 BC Cleopatra Thea Son of Demetrius I
DemetriusII, coin, face.jpg Demetrius II Nicator second reign, 129–126 BC Cleopatra Thea Demetrius was murdered at the instigation of his wife Cleopatra Thea.
Aleksander II Zabinas face.png Alexander II Zabinas 129–123 BC Counter-king who claimed to be an adoptive son of Antiochus VII Sidetes
Cleopatra Thea face.png Cleopatra Thea 126–121 BC Daughter of Ptolemy VI of Egypt. Married to three kings: Alexander Balas, Demetrius II Nicator, and Antiochus VII Sidetes. Mother of Antiochus VI, Seleucus V, Antiochus VIII Grypus, and Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. Coregent with her son Antiochus VIII Grypus. Gorgias (Greek General) and War against Jews
Seleucus V Philometor 126/125 BC Murdered by his mother Cleopatra Thea
Antiochus VIII face.png Antiochus VIII Grypus 125–96 BC Tryphaena of Egypt
Cleopatra Selene I of Egypt
Antiochus IX face.png Antiochus IX Cyzicenus 114–96 BC Cleopatra IV of Egypt
Cleopatra Selene I of Egypt
Seleucus VI Epiphanes.png Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator 96–95 BC
Antioco X Eusebes Filopator, tetradracma, face.jpg Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator 95–92 BC or 83 BC Cleopatra Selene I
DemetriusIII.png Demetrius III Eucaerus (or Philopator) 95–87 BC
Antiochus 11.png Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus 95–92 BCE
Philipus I.png Philip I Philadelphus 95–84/83 BC
Antiochos XII.jpg Antiochus XII Dionysus 87–84 BC
Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes or Philometor 83–69 BC
Antiochus XIII.jpg Antiochus XIII Asiaticus 69–64 BC
Philip II Philoromaeus 65–63 BC

Family tree[edit]

AntiochusLaodice
Seleucus I Nicator
Kg. 305–281
Apama
AchaeusStratoniceAntiochus I Soter
Kg. 281–261
AndromachusAntiochus II Theos
Kg. 261–246
Laodice I
Achaeus
Kg. 220–213
Laodice IISeleucus II Callinicus
Kg. 246–226
Antiochus Hierax
Kg. 240–228
Seleucus III Ceraunus
Kg. 226–223
Antiochus III the Great
Kg. 223–187
Laodice III
Seleucus IV Philopator
Kg. 187–175
Laodice IVAntiochus IV Epiphanes
Kg. 175–163
Laodice VDemetrius I Soter
Kg. 161–150
Antiochus V Eupator
Kg. 163–161
Alexander I Balas
Kg. 150–146
Cleopatra Thea
Qu. 125–121
Demetrius II Nicator
Kg. 145–125
Antiochus VII Sidetes
Kg. 138–129
Antiochus VI Dionysus
Kg. 144–142
Seleucus V Philometor
Kg. 126–125
Antiochus VIII Grypus
Kg. 125–96
TryphaenaAntiochus IX Cyzicenus
Kg. 116–96
Seleucus VI Epiphanes
Kg. 96–95
Antiochus XI Epiphanes
Kg. 95–92
Philip I Philadelphus
Kg. 95–83
Demetrius III Eucaerus
Kg. 95–88
Antiochus XII Dionysus
Kg. 87–84
Antiochus X Eusebes
Kg. 95–83
Philip II Philoromaeus
Kg. 69–63
Seleucus VII Philometer
Kg. 83–69
Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
Kg. 69–64

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • Glanville Downey (8 December 2015). History of Antioch. Princeton University Press. pp. 735–736. ISBN 978-1-4008-7773-7.
  • Mehrdad Kia (27 June 2016). The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 287–311. ISBN 978-1-61069-391-2.

External links[edit]