Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔil-
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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic[edit]
Noun[edit]
*ʔil-
Inflection[edit]
Declension of *ʔil-
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ʔilu(m) | *ʔilā(ni) | *ʔilū(na) |
| Genitive | *ʔili(m) | *ʔilay(ni) | *ʔilī(na) |
| Accusative | *ʔila(m) | *ʔilay(ni) | *ʔilī(na) |
| possessive forms | |||
| 1st c. sg. (my) | ʔiliya | 1st c. pl. (our) | ʔilVnā |
| 2nd m. sg. (your) | ʔilVkā | 2nd m. pl. (your) | ʔilVkumū |
| 2nd f. sg. (your) | ʔilVkī | 2nd f. pl. (your) | ʔilVkinnā |
| 3rd m. sg. (his) | ʔilVhū | 3rd m. pl. (their) | ʔilVhummū |
| 3rd f. sg. (her) | ʔilVšā | 3rd f. pl. (their) | ʔilVšinnā |
Coordinate terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Akkadian: 𒀭 (ilu), 𒀭 f (iltu), 𒀭𒌝 m (ilum)
- Ammonite: 𐤀𐤋𐤌 (ʾlm)
- Hebrew: אֵל (ʾēl)
- Old South Arabic: 𐩱𐩡 (ʾl)
- Samaritan: ࠀࠢࠋ (ʾĕl), ࠀࠜࠋࠠࠄ (ēla), ࠀࠝࠋࠦࠄࠉ࠙ࠝࠌࠬ (ʾelūwem)
- Phoenician: 𐤀𐤋𐤌 pl (ʾlm)
- Ugaritic: 𐎛𐎍 (ỉl)
Extended form *ʔilāh-:
- Arabic: الله (allāh), إله (ʾilāh), أُلُوهَة (ʾulūha)
- Aramaic:
- Hebrew: אֱלוֹהַּ (ʾĕlṓah), אֱלֹהִים (ʾĕlōhīm)
- Old South Arabic: 𐩱𐩡𐩠 (ʾlh)
Onomastics[edit]
From Common Semitic *ʾil-:
-
- Abiel < Hebrew אביאל (Avi’el), עלבון-אבי (‘Avi-‘alvon‘) "God is my father"
- Azazel
- Azrael < Azra'il "whom God helps"
- bethel, Bethel < Hebrew ביתאל (Bet ‘El), בתאל (Bet ‘El) "house of God"
- Daniel < Ancient Greek Δανιήλ (Daniḗl), from Hebrew דניּאל (daniyél, “God is my judge”) < דון (“to judge”) + אֵל (el, “God”)
- Ezekiel < Hebrew יְחֶזְקֵאל (Yḥezq’el) "God strengthens"
- Gabriel < Hebrew גבריאל (Gavri’el, “man of God”), from גֶּבֶר (géver, “man”) and אֵל (el, “God”)
- Israel < Hebrew Yisra'el "God persists"
- Michael < Hebrew מיכאל (Mikha’el, “who is like God?”)
- Nathanael, Nethanel < Hebrew Nitan’el "Gift of god"
- Raphael < Hebrew Rifa’el "God heals"
- Samuel < Hebrew שְׁמוּאֵל (Shmu’el, “Name of God”)
- schlemiel
- Elijah < Hebrew Eliya, Eliyahu "God is Yahweh"
- Elisha < Hebrew Elish'a "God is salvation"
- Elizabeth
- Ishmael < Hebrew ישמעאל (Yisma’el) "God hears"
- Lazarus
From Central South Semitic extended form *ʾilāh-:
