文

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See also: 又, 𠬠, 攵, and 𘱒
文 U+6587, 文
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6587
← 斆
[U+6586] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斈 →
[U+6588]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
文-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 67 文

文 (radical 67, 文+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜大 (YK), four-corner 00400, composition ⿱亠乂)

  1. Kangxi radical #67, ⽂.

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • 𘱒 (Khitan Small Script)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 477, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13450
  • Dae Jaweon: page 831, character 39
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2169, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6587

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 文

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 文
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
文-oracle.svg 文-bronze.svg 文-silk.svg 文-seal.svg 文-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
旻 *mrɯn
旼 *mrɯn
汶 *mrɯn, *mɯn, *mɯns
忞 *mrɯn
盿 *mrɯn
枚 *mɯːl
玫 *mɯːl
玟 *mɯːl
文 *mɯn
紋 *mɯn
蚊 *mɯn
雯 *mɯn
彣 *mɯn
馼 *mɯn
鳼 *mɯn
鼤 *mɯn, *mɯns
抆 *mɯnʔ, *mɯns
紊 *mɯns

Ideogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest). Compare 大, which has no chest.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • man4-2 - “writing; (written) language”.
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 文
    Mandarin Beijing /uən³⁵/
    Harbin /uən²⁴/
    Tianjin /vən⁴⁵/
    Jinan /uẽ⁴²/
    Qingdao /və̃⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /uən⁴²/
    Xi'an /vẽ²⁴/
    Xining /uə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /vəŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /və̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /vɤŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /uən²¹³/
    Chengdu /uən³¹/
    Guiyang /uen²¹/
    Kunming /uə̃³¹/
    Nanjing /un²⁴/
    Hefei /uən⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /vəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /uŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /və̃ŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /vəŋ²³/
    Suzhou /vən¹³/
    Hangzhou /ven²¹³/
    Wenzhou /vaŋ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /uʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /uɛ⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /uən¹³/
    Xiangtan /uən¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /un⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /vun¹¹/
    Taoyuan /vun¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /mɐn²¹/
    Nanning /mɐn²¹/
    Hong Kong /mɐn²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /bun³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /uŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /uɔŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /buŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /vun³¹/
    /mui³¹/ ～昌
    Rime
    Character 文
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 文 (59)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 無分切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mɨun/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/miun/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/miuən/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/mun/
    Li
    Rong         		/miuən/
    Wang
    Li         		/mĭuən/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/mi̯uən/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wén
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 文
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wén
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mjun ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mə[n]/
    English ornate

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 文
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13015
    Phonetic
    component         		文
    Rime
    group         		文
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		文
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mɯn/

    Definitions[edit]

    文

    1. † Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”).
      文如貍 / 文如狸 [Classical Chinese]  ―  wén rú lí [Pinyin]  ―  having a pattern like that of a wild cat
    2. Original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”).
      文身  ―  wénshēn  ―  to tattoo
      文面  ―  wénmiàn  ―  face tattoo
    3. writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)
      文件  ―  wénjiàn  ―  document
      文章  ―  wénzhāng  ―  article, essay
      呢篇文寫得唔錯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      呢篇文写得唔错。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      Ni1 pin1 man4-2 se2 dak1 m4 co3. [Jyutping]
      This essay is written quite well.
    4. literary
    5. Short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”).
    6. script; written form
      甲骨文  ―  jiǎgǔwén  ―  oracle bone script
      書同文，車同軌 / 书同文，车同轨 [Classical Chinese]  ―  shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ [Pinyin]  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
      天城文  ―  tiānchéngwén  ―  Devanagari
    7. (written) language
      Antonym: 語／语 (yǔ)
      中文  ―  zhōngwén  ―  Chinese
      英文  ―  yīngwén  ―  English
    8. culture
      文化  ―  wénhuà  ―  culture
      文明  ―  wénmíng  ―  civilization
    9. of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian
      文職 / 文职  ―  wénzhí  ―  civilian post
      文官  ―  wénguān  ―  civil official
      文武  ―  wénwǔ  ―  civilian and military
    10. refined; educated; cultured; intellectual
      斯文  ―  sīwén  ―  refined, cultured
      文雅  ―  wényǎ  ―  elegant, refined
      文人  ―  wénrén  ―  scholar
    11. 47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "pattern, repetition" (𝌴)
    12. (archaic) Classifier for coins.
    13. (numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)
      一文  ―  yī wén  ―  one mill
    14. A surname​.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 文

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    文

    1. to cover
      文過 / 文过  ―  wénguò, wènguò  ―  to cover one's fault

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 文 – see 蚊 (“(Cantonese) yuan; dollar; buck”).
    (This character, 文, is a variant form of 蚊.)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    文

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    文
    もん
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 文 (mjun, “ornate; a kind of coin; language, literature, a letter, a character”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    文(もん) • (mon) 

    1. the mon, an old currency
    2. a unit of length for measuring the size of one's foot (from the way that the mon coins would be lined up and used as a kind of inch marker)
    3. a character, a letter
    4. writing, something written
    5. a magical spell
    6. (also spelled 紋) a design, a pattern
    7. (also spelled 紋) a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”)
    Usage notes[edit]

    The design and crest senses are more often spelled 紋.

    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    文
    ぶん
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    A later borrowing from Middle Chinese. Compare modern Min Nan reading bûn, Hakka vûn.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    文(ぶん) • (bun) 

    1. (grammar) a sentence
    2. writing, composition
    3. a design or pattern as decoration
    4. literature, learning, scholarship
    5. elegance, refinement (especially of writing or wording)
    6. a saying, an aphorism, a proverb
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    文
    ふみ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Possibly a shift from an older Middle Chinese-derived reading pun.[3] Earlier Japanese writing was ambiguous regarding the final n sound spelled ん in modern Japanese, with this sound often spelled (and possibly pronounced) as む (mu) instead.

    */pumu/ → /pumi/ → /ɸumi/

    This reading appears in the Heian period, in works such as The Tale of Genji.[3][1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    文(ふみ) • (fumi) 

    1. writing, something written
    2. a letter (written communication), an epistle
    3. (archaic) study, scholarship (especially of classical Chinese)
    4. a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”)
    Synonyms[edit]
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    文
    あや
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Uncertain. Appears in texts from the early Heian period.[3][1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    文(あや) • (aya) 

    1. (also spelled 紋, 綾)
      1. a pattern, a design, especially one with diagonally crossing lines
      2. a diagonal crossing
      3. a flowery expression or turn of phrase
      4. a plot, a scheme
      5. a refrain or recurring phrase in a piece of music
      6. a harder vein or grain in a leaf or piece of wood or bamboo
      7. a stain, a blemish
      8. a mediator, a go-between (apparently from the way that a go-between can make the relationship more indirect and indistinct)
      9. a small indistinct fluctuation in a trend line
    2. (also spelled 綾, 絢)
      1. a kind of woven silk textile with a diagonally crossing pattern
      2. short for 綾織 (ayaori): a twill weave; someone who weaves twill
      3. short for 綾竹 (ayadake): in a loom, a bamboo pole placed between the heddle and the back beam or platen, used to improve the handling
      4. short for 綾取り (ayatori): cat's cradle
    Usage notes[edit]

    For the second group of senses, the 綾 spelling is more common.

    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    文 (eumhun 글월 문 (geurwol mun))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    文: Hán Việt readings: văn[1][2][3]
    文: Nôm readings: văn[1][2][4], von[3][5][4], vằn[1][2]

    1. Hán tự form of văn (“literature; letters; culture; civilization”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    5. ^ Hồ (1976).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=文&oldid=59396099"